Date M Summit Evolution V60 30
This web page indexes Sierra Echo issues 1999 thru 2020. (Page updated 7/27/21)The Sierra Echo Year-Volume-#-pg are indicated near left of each line, following one of the following code letters used to sort/parse the different topics (arranged in order shown)A=Echo Articles in CA; A1=articles outside CA; A2=articles outside U.S.; B=Banquet
Date M Summit Evolution V60 30
[TOP OF PAGE]V = Book reViewsCode-Yr-Vol#-pg-----Document---$:[source of info]---DateV-2009-V53#3-pg9---Atlas of Sierra topo maps---$:Wankum JV-2000-V44#3-pg20--The-Border of the Sky - The Sierra and its Moods - Tom & Candy Ross---$:Tidball BV-2008-V52#2-pg15--The-Border of the Sky - The Sierra and its Moods - Tom & Candy Ross---$:Danta SV-2002-V46#2-pg18---Born Free and Equal: The forgotten Manzanar Photographs of Ansel Adams---$:Benti WV-2009-V53#3-pg5---California Sierra Club mountain-climbing sections - Karen LeonardV-2020-V64#3-pg19-21--Climbing the Seven Volcanoes by Sophie Cairns---$:Falk BV-1999-V43#1-pg19---Close Ups of the High Sierra - Clyde N---$:Benti-Zdon WV-2001-V45#5-pg23---Close Ups of the High Sierra - Clyde N---$:McDermitt MV-2001-V45#6-pg8---Close Ups of the High Sierra - Clyde N---$:Thaw SV-2002-V46#1-pg9---Close Ups of the High Sierra - Clyde N---$:Dawson G-2002-2-2V-2002-V46#2-pg12---Coming out of the Woods by Kaufman, W---$:Tidball BV-2003-V47#2-pg16---Exploring the Highest Sierra by James Moore---$:Falk BV-2017-V61#1-pg5---Falk,Burton, Mary Motheral, Jim Scott, Diane & Charlie WengerV-2007-V51#4.1-pg16---Geology of the Sierra Nevada by Mary Hill---$:Campbell R-2006V-2020-V64#3-pg22-25--Glen Dawson: Mountaineer and Bookman by Elizabeth Pomeroy---$:Oliver BV-2005-V49#5-pg30-31--Guidebooks to the High Sierra---$:Sumner BV-2009-V53#2-pg7---High Sierra - Peaks, Passes, and Trails - 3rd editionV-2018-V62#4-pg36-38--High Sierra: Fred Weyman---$:Sholle DV-2010-V54#3-pg11---Hiking Nevada's County High Places [Bob Sumner]V-2006-V50#1-pg24--The-Last Season by Eric Blelm---$:Rambert PV-2002-V46#1-pg8---Missing in the Minarets - Search for Starr W---$:Alsup WV-2010-V54#4-pg5---Movie: Wildest Dream {Mallory]V-2004-V48#1-pg21---No Distant Place: Roads and Motorized Recreation on America's Public Lands---$:CNRCC-2003V-1999-V43#6-pg6---Northern Peaks Guide---$:Yamagata PV-2005-V49#6-pg13---Pioneer Skiing in CA [Robert Power]---$:Tidball LV-2012-V56#4-pg14-15--Should I Not Return by Garnet RoehmV-2004-V48#1-pg16---Touching the Void [book/movie]---$:Sholle DV-2019-V63#3-pg21-22-A-Treasury of The Sierra Nevada by Robert Leonard Reid---$:Chamoun MV-1999-V43#2-pg19---Twenty-Five Letters from Norman Clyde---$:Oliver BV-2011-V55#2-pg12-15--Two Shadows - Charlie Wenger---$:Falk BV-2016-V60#4-pg29-31-A-Way Across the Mountain by Scott Stine---$:Falk BV-2007-V51#4.1-pg17---Woman on the Rocks, the Mountaineering Letters of Ruth Dyar Mendenhall---$:Benti W [TOP OF PAGE]W = Wilderness TopicsCode-Yr-Vol#-pg-----Topic---$:[source of info]---DateW-2001-V45#2-pg24---Amphibian Exodus (Sierra Lakes)W-2001-V45#2-pg21---Angeles Forest PlanW-2000-V44#6-pg9-10--Club Policy: Fixed Anchors in WildernessW-2020-V64#4-pg11---Congress Fully Funds LWCF---$:Hoover, VW-2011-V55#3-pg8---ConservationW-2007-V51#1-pg32-33--Conservation Two-Liner - Should we be Driving to the Sierra?---$:Tidball BW-2017-V61#3-pg9---Conservation: Pikas---$:Moore SW-2001-V45#1-pg27---Eastern Sierra - Proposed ObservatoryW-2011-V55#1-pg8---Eco NewsW-2000-V44#5-pg32-35--Env. Assessment: Golden Trout WildernessW-2000-V44#1-pg22---Fee Demonstration Program Fails in Court (editorial) - 2000-1/12W-2016-V60#1-pg17---Fire: The Rough Fire---2015-7-31W-2018-V62#1-pg7---Foxtail Pines [by Sharon Moore)W-2009-V53#3-pg12---Highway construction on U.S. 395W-2016-V60#2-pg12-13--Land & Water Conservation Fund---$:Hoover VW-2018-V62#1-pg9---Land & Water Conservation FundW-2020-V64#1-pg7---Land and Water Conservation Fund---$:Hoover, VW-2001-V45#2-pg26-27--Mammoth Airport ExpansionW-2001-V45#3-pg8-9--Mammoth Airport Expansion - correction---$:Tidball BW-2001-V45#1-pg25-26--Mammoth Business Park Eyesore---$:Benti WW-2000-V44#4-pg7---Mammoth Faces Threat From Mining---$:Tidball BW-2010-V54#3-pg3---Mammoth Mountain extends seasonW-2000-V44#4-pg12---Manter Meadow Fire - 2000-8/W-2001-V45#2-pg12-13--National Forest Fee Demo Update---$:CNRWCW-2014-V58#1-pg24-25--Owens Solar RanchW-2000-V44#1-pg23---Restore Hetch Hetchy (organization)W-2000-V44#1-pg11---SNOW (dry spell)---$:Jones RW-2000-V44#3-pg23-27--USFS (Wilderness) LawsuitW-2017-V61#2-pg16---Volunteer Opportunities in YosemiteW-2014-V58#3-pg8-11--Wilderness - Why?---$:Hoover V-1964W-2014-V58#2-pg13-14--Wilderness Act Golden Anniversary---$:Keating JW-2000-V44#3-pg21-22--Yosemite Valley Draft Plan [TOP OF PAGE]
Mountain is usually abbreviated Mtn; peak is usually spelled out. Alphabetical sorting is on primary name, not on prefix (A, The, Mtn, etc.). Summit photos are included only if they show summit terrain useful to future climbers. People photos are included only if future viewers can clearly identify names. Suffix [c] indicates a correction noted in a future Echo.
With a few exceptions...The Sierra Echo started out in 1957 with 6 issues per volume, then 7, then up to 12 issues (one year, 1968), then 9 (in 1969) or 10 (1970 or 1971?), then 7 (in 1974) for a number of years (8 in 1976), then 6 in 1989, 3 in 2006 or 2007, and finally settled on 4 in 2007 or 2008. I believe the date, volume, and issue number on the title pages are correct. (If you know of any that are incorrect, please notify the webmaster.)1988-V32-1 was the first issue with date-volume-issue number on the rear cover. (This info is missing from rear cover of 1998-V42#4.) A possible point of confusion is that this info on the rear covers is incorrect on the issues noted below. Additional corrections added 8/7-8/21:
1995 V39-6 pg 47 indicates that 1959 Vol 3 had only 5 issues; #6 (special edition) exists.1996 V40 #1: Rear cover indicates 19951996 V40 #3 May-Jun: Rear cover indicates Jun-Jul1996 V40 #4 Jul-Aug: Rear cover indicates Aug-Sep1998 V42 #4: Rear cover does not indicate date/issue2000 V44-1 & -2: Rear cover indicates V43 #6 Nov-Dec 19992007 V51 #1 & #2 issued as one issue2013 V57 #2: Rear cover indicates V57 #1 Jan-Mar 20132021 V65 #2: Rear cover indicates V65 #1
As of 2022[update], the highest transistor count in flash memory was Micron's 2 terabyte (3D-stacked) 16-die, 232-layer V-NAND flash memory chip, with 5.3 trillion floating-gate MOSFETs (3 bits per transistor).The highest transistor count in a single chip processor is of the deep learning processor Wafer Scale Engine 2 by Cerebras, it has 2.6 trillion MOSFETs in 84 exposed fields (dies) on a wafer, manufactured using TSMC's 7 nm FinFET process.[2][3][4][5][6]The highest transistor count in a consumer microprocessor is 114 billion transistors, in Apple's ARM-based dual-die M1 Ultra system on a chip, which is fabricated using TSMC's 5 nm semiconductor manufacturing process.[7][8]The highest transistor count GPU is Nvidia's H100, built on TSMC's N4 process and totalling 80 billion MOSFETs.
In terms of computer systems that consist of numerous integrated circuits, the supercomputer with the highest transistor count as of 2016[update] is the Chinese-designed Sunway TaihuLight, which has for all CPUs/nodes combined "about 400 trillion transistors in the processing part of the hardware" and "the DRAM includes about 12 quadrillion transistors, and that's about 97 percent of all the transistors."[9] To compare, the smallest computer, as of 2018[update] dwarfed by a grain of rice, has on the order of 100,000 transistors. Early experimental solid-state computers had as few as 130 transistors but used large amounts of diode logic. The first carbon nanotube computer has 178 transistors and is a 1-bit one-instruction set computer, while a later one is 16-bit (its the instruction set is 32-bit RISC-V though).
The transistor density is the number of transistors that are fabricated per unit area, typically measured in terms of the number of transistors per square millimeter (mm2). The transistor density usually correlates with the gate length of a semiconductor node (also known as a semiconductor manufacturing process), typically measured in nanometers (nm). As of 2019[update], the semiconductor node with the highest transistor density is TSMC's 5 nanometer node, with 171.3 million transistors per square millimeter (note this corresponds to a transistor-transistor spacing of 76.4 nm, far greater than the relative meaningless "5nm")[354]
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Following the Lausanne Congress, the LCWE decided to convene a working consultation to evaluate what had happened in world evangelization since the 1974 Lausanne meeting and to develop realistic strategies for the future. LCWE issued a call in 1977 for the Consultation on World Evangelization (COWE) under the theme, "How Shall They Hear?" Gottfried Osei-Mensah and John Howell, LCWE's Executive Assistant & COWE Director of Operations, were also involved in the planning and preparations for the meeting from their office in Nairobi. The Consultation site selected in a deliberate effort to identify with the church in the Third World. The size of the meeting was kept intentionally small to facilitate its task as a working and studying consultation. Participants were selected on the basis of their contribution to world evangelization and their influence in their own national and/or church circles, both at the time and in the projected future. Since COWE was intended to be a study consultation, a broad foundation of study groups was built throughout the world before COWE. Their focus of study was directed on specific groups of people to be reached with the Gospel, with an International Coordinator oversee each of these areas of study. The fruit of the work of the study groups was set down in papers summarizing their findings. The International Coordinator then consolidated the information from these studies and produced a paper summarizing the findings on a worldwide basis. These papers formed the basis for the seventeen Mini-Consultations at the Thailand Consultation. Meetings for interest groups were coordinated to allow individuals with specialized ministries to gather; regional groups also met to facilitate united effort within a geographical region. Simultaneous with the Consultation, the Commission on Cooperation in World Evangelization met to The results of the Consultation included the final papers developed by each of the Mini-Consultations and the resulting compendium of them; the recommendation of the Commission on Cooperation in World Evangelization; audio tapes of the plenary messages; and the ongoing work of the study groups organized prior to the Consultation.